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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ambroxol</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><table class="wikitable infobox float-right" id="Vorlage_Infobox_Chemikalie" style="font-size:90%; margin-top:0; width:350px;" summary="Infobox Chemikalie">

<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122;">Strukturformel
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="hintergrundfarbe-basis skin-invert-image" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span>
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<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122;">Allgemeines
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:33%;"><a href="Internationaler_Freiname" title="Internationaler Freiname">Freiname</a>
</td>
<td>Ambroxol
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Andere Namen
</td>
<td>
<p><i>trans</i>-4-[(2,4-Dibromanilin-6-yl)-methylamino]-cyclohexanol
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Summenformel" title="Summenformel">Summenformel</a>
</td>
<td>
<ul><li>C<sub>13</sub>H<sub>18</sub>Br<sub>2</sub>N<sub>2</sub>O <small>(Ambroxol)</small></li>
<li>C<sub>13</sub>H<sub>18</sub>Br<sub>2</sub>N<sub>2</sub>O·HCl <small>(Ambroxol·<a href="Hydrochlorid" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrochlorid">Hydrochlorid</a>)</small></li></ul>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Kurzbeschreibung
</td>
<td>
<p>weißes bis gelbliches, kristallines Pulver<sup id="cite_ref-EAB_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EAB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <small>(Hydrochlorid)</small>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122;">Externe Identifikatoren/Datenbanken
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding:0;">
<table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed wikitable" data-expandtext="+" data-collapsetext="−" style="border-top:none; margin:-1px; width:calc(100% + 2px);">

<tbody><tr>
<td style="width:33%;"><a href="CAS-Nummer" title="CAS-Nummer">CAS-Nummer</a>
</td>
<td>
<ul><li><span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: CASRN"></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=18683-91-5">18683-91-5</a><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span> <small>(Ambroxol)</small></li>
<li><span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: CASRN"></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=23828-92-4">23828-92-4</a><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span> <small>(Ambroxol·Hydrochlorid)</small></li></ul>
</td>
<td style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122; border-top:1px solid #FFDEAD; padding:0.2em 0; vertical-align:bottom; width:5%;">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="EG-Nummer" title="EG-Nummer">EG-Nummer</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2">242-500-3
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Europ%C3%A4ische_Chemikalienagentur" title="Europäische Chemikalienagentur">ECHA</a>-InfoCard
</td>
<td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.echa.europa.eu/de/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.038.621">100.038.621</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/2132">2132</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.10276826.html">10276826</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="DrugBank" title="DrugBank">DrugBank</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB06742">DB06742</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1;"><a href="Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221637" class="extiw external" title="d:Q221637">Q221637</a>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122;">Arzneistoffangaben
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Anatomisch-Therapeutisch-Chemisches_Klassifikationssystem" title="Anatomisch-Therapeutisch-Chemisches Klassifikationssystem">ATC-Code</a>
</td>
<td>
<p>R05<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://atcddd.fhi.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=R05CB06">CB06</a><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Wirkstoffklasse" title="Wirkstoffklasse">Wirkstoffklasse</a>
</td>
<td>
<p><a href="Expektorans" title="Expektorans">Expektorans</a>, <a href="Lokalan%C3%A4sthetikum" title="Lokalanästhetikum">Lokalanästhetikum</a>
</p>
</td></tr>


<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122;">Eigenschaften
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Molare_Masse" title="Molare Masse">Molare Masse</a>
</td>
<td>378,10 <a href="Gramm" title="Gramm">g</a>·<a href="Mol" title="Mol">mol</a><sup>−1</sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Aggregatzustand" title="Aggregatzustand">Aggregatzustand</a>
</td>
<td>
<p>fest
</p>
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td><a href="Schmelzpunkt" title="Schmelzpunkt">Schmelzpunkt</a>
</td>
<td>
<p>233–234,5 <a href="Grad_Celsius" title="Grad Celsius">°C</a> (Zersetzung) <small>(Ambroxol·Hydrochlorid)</small><sup id="cite_ref-MerckIndex_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MerckIndex-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
</td></tr>








<tr>
<td><a href="L%C3%B6slichkeit" title="Löslichkeit">Löslichkeit</a>
</td>
<td>
<ul><li>wenig löslich in Wasser<sup id="cite_ref-EAB_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EAB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <small>(Hydrochlorid)</small></li>
<li>löslich in Methanol<sup id="cite_ref-EAB_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EAB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <small>(Hydrochlorid)</small></li>
<li>praktisch unlöslich in <a href="Dichlormethan" title="Dichlormethan">Dichlormethan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-EAB_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EAB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aceton<sup id="cite_ref-DAB99_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DAB99-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> und Diethylether<sup id="cite_ref-DAB99_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DAB99-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <small>(Hydrochlorid)</small></li></ul>
</td></tr>




<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122;">Sicherheitshinweise
</th></tr>


<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" style="width:100%;">

<tbody><tr>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px #A7A7A7 dashed; text-align:center;">Bitte die Befreiung von der Kennzeichnungspflicht für Arzneimittel, Medizinprodukte, Kosmetika, Lebensmittel und Futtermittel beachten
</td></tr>

<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><b><a href="Global_harmonisiertes_System_zur_Einstufung_und_Kennzeichnung_von_Chemikalien" title="Global harmonisiertes System zur Einstufung und Kennzeichnung von Chemikalien">GHS-Gefahrstoffkennzeichnung</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Sigma_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sigma-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
<table class="hintergrundfarbe-neutral" style="text-align:center; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; display:flex; justify-content:center;">

<tbody><tr>
<td><i>keine GHS-Piktogramme</i>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" width="33%" style="border-top:1px #A7A7A7 dashed; border-right:1px #A7A7A7 dashed;"><a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze" title="H- und P-Sätze">H- und P-Sätze</a>
</td>
<td style="border-top:1px #A7A7A7 dashed;">H: <span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: H-Sätze"></span><i>keine H-Sätze</i>
</td></tr>



<tr>
<td style="border-top:1px #A7A7A7 dashed;">P: <span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: P-Sätze"></span><i>keine P-Sätze</i><sup id="cite_ref-Sigma_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sigma-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td></tr>




<tr>
<td><a href="Toxizit%C3%A4t" title="Toxizität">Toxikologische Daten</a>
</td>
<td>
<p>2720 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup> (<a href="Letale_Dosis" title="Letale Dosis">LD<sub>50</sub></a>,&nbsp;<a href="M%C3%A4use" title="Mäuse">Maus</a>,&nbsp;<a href="Peroral" title="Peroral">oral</a>, Hydrochlorid)<sup id="cite_ref-stn_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stn-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</p>
</td></tr>






<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:#202122; font-size:80%; text-align:center; line-height:150%; padding:.25em;">Wenn nicht anders vermerkt, gelten die angegebenen Daten bei <a href="Standardbedingungen" title="Standardbedingungen">Standardbedingungen</a> (0 °C, 1000&nbsp;hPa).
</td></tr></tbody></table><p><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</p><p><b>Ambroxol</b> ist ein <a href="Arzneistoff" title="Arzneistoff">Arzneistoff</a> vor allem zur Behandlung von produktivem <a href="Husten" title="Husten">Husten</a> mit zähem, festsitzendem Schleim.
</p><p>Pharmakologisch gehört Ambroxol zu den Hustenlösern (<a href="Expektorans" title="Expektorans">Expektorantien</a>), die in der Therapie akuter und chronischer Erkrankungen der <a href="Atemtrakt" title="Atemtrakt">unteren Atemwege</a>, die mit einer Störung von Schleimbildung und -transport einhergehen, verwendet werden. Außerdem kann Ambroxol zur Behandlung von akuten <a href="Halsschmerzen" title="Halsschmerzen">Halsschmerzen</a> angewendet werden.
</p><p>Pharmazeutisch wird der Wirkstoff in seiner Salzform als <b>Ambroxolhydrochlorid</b> eingesetzt.
</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pharmakologische_Eigenschaften">Pharmakologische Eigenschaften</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Schleimlösende_Wirkung"><span id="Schleiml.C3.B6sende_Wirkung"></span>Schleimlösende Wirkung</h3></div>
<p>Ambroxol wirkt normalisierend sowohl auf den serösen als auch auf den mukösen Bronchialschleim durch die Beeinflussung peribronchialer Drüsen und bewirkt somit eine Reduktion der <a href="Viskosit%C3%A4t" title="Viskosität">Viskosität</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die erhöhte Bereitstellung von körpereigenem <a href="Surfactant" title="Surfactant">Surfactant</a> mit seinen tensidischen Eigenschaften trägt zu dem <a href="Sekretolytisch" class="mw-redirect" title="Sekretolytisch">sekretolytischen</a> Effekt bei.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ambroxol hat Einfluss auf die <a href="Mukozili%C3%A4re_Clearance" title="Mukoziliäre Clearance">mukoziliäre Clearance</a> (Schleimabtransport aus den Bronchien), was in verschiedenen klinischen Studien gezeigt werden konnte. Die Stimulation des bronchialen Flimmerepithels leistet einen Beitrag zum verbesserten mukoziliären Transport.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ambroxol mindert zudem durch seine antioxidativen und antientzündlichen Eigenschaften Prozesse ab, die der Lunge schaden können.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In diversen Studien konnte die schützende Wirkung des Ambroxols gezeigt werden.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> So wurde eine <a href="Statistische_Signifikanz" title="Statistische Signifikanz">signifikante</a> Reduktion der <a href="Exazerbation" title="Exazerbation">Exazerbationsrate</a> von Infekten für die Langzeittherapie mit Ambroxol bei Patienten mit <a href="Chronisch_obstruktive_Lungenerkrankung" title="Chronisch obstruktive Lungenerkrankung">COPD</a> beschrieben.
Es wurde ein zellulärer Mechanismus von Ambroxol entdeckt, der diese schleimlösende Wirkung erklärt: Ambroxol aktiviert die Exozytose von Lamellärkörpern, indem es Ca<sup>2+</sup> aus sauren Ca<sup>2+</sup> Speichern freisetzt. Dies erfolgt durch Diffusion von Ambroxol in Lysosome und lysosomale pH-Neutralisierung.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diese lysosomale Sekretion ist vermutlich auch unter anderem für positive Effekte von Ambroxol bei lysosomalen Speichererkrankungen (<a href="Morbus_Gaucher" title="Morbus Gaucher">Morbus Gaucher</a>) sowie manchen <a href="Parkinson-Krankheit" title="Parkinson-Krankheit">Parkinson-Krankheiten</a> verantwortlich.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Schmerzlindernde_Wirkung">Schmerzlindernde Wirkung</h3></div>
<p>Moderne physiologische Untersuchungen zeigen, dass Ambroxol spannungsabhängige Natriumkanäle in schmerzsensiblen peripheren Nervenzellen hemmt.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die Hemmung war bis zu 50-fach stärker als bei anderen Lokalanästhetika wie Lidocain oder Benzocain.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eine aktuelle Arbeit hat gezeigt, dass Ambroxol an die Bindungsstelle für Lokalanästhetika in der Natriumkanal-Pore bindet, was aufgrund der chemischen Struktur von Ambroxol nicht überraschend ist (Ähnlichkeit zur Lokalanästhetika-Struktur nach Löfgren).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
Die Wirksamkeit bei der Behandlung von Halsschmerzen wurde in insgesamt fünf Studien an über 1700 Patienten klinisch belegt.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mey200858(11)_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mey200858(11)-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In allen Studien war Ambroxol der Placebo-Behandlung im klinisch relevanten Bereich statistisch signifikant überlegen.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mey200858(11)_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mey200858(11)-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Der schmerzlindernde Effekt gegenüber Placebo wird aber für zu gering eingeschätzt, um die generelle Anwendung zu empfehlen.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zudem konnte in den Studien beobachtet werden, dass Ambroxol die Rötung im Hals – als klinisches Zeichen einer Entzündungsreaktion – signifikant reduziert.<sup id="cite_ref-Mey200858(11)_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mey200858(11)-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die antientzündlichen Eigenschaften des Ambroxols werden durch weitere Daten untermauert.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Klinische_Angaben">Klinische Angaben</h2></div>
<p>Als Nebenwirkungen werden gelegentlich Überempfindlichkeitsreaktionen, Übelkeit, Bauchschmerzen und Erbrechen beobachtet. Da sehr selten über das Auftreten von schweren Hautreaktionen (<a href="Stevens-Johnson-Syndrom" title="Stevens-Johnson-Syndrom">Stevens-Johnson-Syndrom</a>, <a href="Lyell-Syndrom" title="Lyell-Syndrom">Lyell-Syndrom</a>) in zeitlichem Zusammenhang mit der Anwendung von Ambroxol berichtet wurde, muss bei einem Auftreten von Haut- und Schleimhautveränderungen die Einnahme beendet und unverzüglich ärztlicher Rat eingeholt werden.
</p><p>Ambroxolhaltige schleimlösende Mittel dürfen bei Kindern unter zwei Jahren nur auf ärztlichen Rat hin angewendet werden. Ambroxolhaltige Halsschmerztabletten sollten bei Kindern unter 12&nbsp;Jahren nicht angewendet werden.
</p><p>Ambroxol passiert die Plazentaschranke und tritt in die Muttermilch über. Während einer Schwangerschaft und in der Stillzeit wird die Anwendung von Ambroxol nicht empfohlen bzw. sollte nur nach sorgfältiger Nutzen-Risiko-Abwägung eingesetzt werden. Die Tagesmaximaldosis beträgt 120 mg.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pharmazeutische_Informationen">Pharmazeutische Informationen</h2></div>

<p>Zur Anwendung kommt Ambroxol in der Form seines <a href="Hydrochloride" title="Hydrochloride">Hydrochlorids</a>. Für die Behandlung von Husten gibt es verschiedene <a href="Arzneiform" title="Arzneiform">Darreichungsformen</a> wie beispielsweise Tropfen, Saft, Tabletten, Retardkapseln, Brausetabletten oder Inhalationskonzentrat. Für Halsschmerzen sind Lutschtabletten verfügbar, die die lokale Behandlung durch Wirkung auf Schleimhaut von Mund und Rachen ermöglichen.
</p>
<div style="clear:left;"></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Synthese">Synthese</h2></div>
<p>Ambroxol ist der wirksame <a href="Metabolit" title="Metabolit">Metabolit</a> von <a href="Bromhexin" title="Bromhexin">Bromhexin</a>. Die Struktur wurde von der <i>Dr. Karl Thomae GmbH</i> (heute: <a href="Boehringer_Ingelheim" title="Boehringer Ingelheim">Boehringer Ingelheim</a>) aufgeklärt und durch Synthese gesichert.<sup id="cite_ref-Liebigs_Ann_707_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liebigs_Ann_707-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Für die pharmakologische Entwicklung von Bromhexin selbst diente <a href="Vasicin" title="Vasicin">Vasicin</a> als <a href="Leitstruktur_(Pharmakologie)" title="Leitstruktur (Pharmakologie)">Leitstruktur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Römpp_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Römpp-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
Gleich drei Synthesewege zu Ambroxol wurden 1966 patentiert.<sup id="cite_ref-DE1593579_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DE1593579-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 17 Jahre später wurde ein weiteres Verfahren angemeldet,<sup id="cite_ref-EP130224_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EP130224-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> das eine <a href="Redoxreaktion" title="Redoxreaktion">Redoxreaktion</a> von Sulfonylhydraziden, die <a href="McFadyen-Stevens-Reaktion" title="McFadyen-Stevens-Reaktion">McFadyen-Stevens-Reaktion</a>, beinhaltet, wobei der Aldehyd <a href="In_situ" title="In situ">in situ</a> als <a href="Schiff-Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Schiff-Base">Schiff-Base</a> abgefangen wird, die anschließend reduziert wird (siehe Reaktionsschema). Sechs Jahre später wurde dieser Weg von anderer Seite nochmals angemeldet.<sup id="cite_ref-GB2239241_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GB2239241-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nach diesem Verfahren wird heute Ambroxol ausschließlich in China produziert.<sup id="cite_ref-fern_o_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fern_o-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Handelsnamen">Handelsnamen</h2></div>
<dl><dt><a href="Monopr%C3%A4parat" title="Monopräparat">Monopräparate</a></dt></dl>
<p>Ambrobeta (D), Ambrobene (A), AmbroHexal (D, A), Ambrolan (A), Ambroxol-Ratiopharm (D), Expit (D), Frenopect (D), Larylin Husten-Löser (D), Lindoxyl (D), Lysopain (CH), Mucabrox (CH), Mucoangin (D, A), Mucosan (A), Mucosolvan (D, A, CH), Paediamuc (D), zahlreiche Generika (D, A), Fluibron (I)
</p>
<dl><dt><a href="Kombinationspr%C3%A4parat" title="Kombinationspräparat">Kombinationspräparate</a></dt></dl>
<p>Ambrodoxy (D), Ambroxol comp (D), Broncho-Euphyllin (D), Doxy comp (D), Doxy plus (D), Mucospas (A), Spasmo-Mucosolvan (D)
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-EAB-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EAB_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EAB_1-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EAB_1-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EAB_1-3">d</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="Europ%C3%A4isches_Arzneibuch" class="mw-redirect" title="Europäisches Arzneibuch">Europäisches Arzneibuch</a>.</i> 6.2</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-MerckIndex-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-MerckIndex_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The <a href="Merck_Index" title="Merck Index">Merck Index</a>. An Encyclopaedia of Chemicals, Drugs and Biologicals.</i> 14. Auflage. 2006, ISBN 0-911910-00-X, S. 66.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-DAB99-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-DAB99_3-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-DAB99_3-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Deutsches Arzneibuch.</i> (DAB) 1999.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Sigma-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sigma_4-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sigma_4-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Datenblatt <span style="font-style:italic;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/SIAL/A9797">Ambroxol hydrochloride</a></span> bei <a href="Sigma-Aldrich" title="Sigma-Aldrich">Sigma-Aldrich</a>, abgerufen am 9.&nbsp;Mai 2017 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/DE/de/sds/SIAL/A9797?userType=anonymous">PDF</a>).<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-stn-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-stn_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r261891140">
/* start https://de.wikipedia.org/ */


.mw-parser-output .webarchiv-memento a{color:inherit}


/* end https://de.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071019151125/http://www.stn-international.de/archive/presentations/online_information03/psspa.pdf">Sample Search for Ambroxol</a> (<span class="webarchiv-memento"><a href="Webarchivierung#Begrifflichkeiten" title="Webarchivierung">Memento</a></span> vom 19. Oktober 2007 im <i><a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>) in einer Präsentation zur STN-Version von „Pharmaceutical Substances“ (englisch).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Germouty, J. L. Jirou-Najou: <cite style="font-style:italic">Clinical Efficacy of Ambroxol in the Treatment of Bronchial Stasis. Clinical Trial in 120 Patients at Two Different Doses</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Respiration</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>51</span>, Suppl. 1, 1987, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>37–41</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1159/000195273">10.1159/000195273</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3299566?dopt=Abstract">PMID 3299566</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/195273">karger.com</a> [abgerufen am 27.&nbsp;Oktober 2019]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Ambroxol&amp;rft.atitle=Clinical+Efficacy+of+Ambroxol+in+the+Treatment+of+Bronchial+Stasis.+Clinical+Trial+in+120+Patients+at+Two+Different+Doses&amp;rft.au=J.+Germouty%2C+J.+L.+Jirou-Najou&amp;rft.date=1987&amp;rft.doi=10.1159%2F000195273&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=Suppl.+1&amp;rft.jtitle=Respiration&amp;rft.pages=37-41&amp;rft.pmid=3299566&amp;rft.volume=51" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">R. Chianese, V. Maiorano, A. Bisceglie, N. Carnimeo: <i>Controlled clinical trial of a new preparation for the treatment of hypersecretive bronchial pneumopathies.</i> In: <i>Arch Med Interna.</i> 35 (2), 1983, S. 139–154.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">T. A. de Castro, D. V. Cacanindin: <i>Clinical Trial on Ambroxol in Acute and Chronic Bronchitis.</i> In: <i>Philipp J Intern Med.</i> 26 (6), 1988, S. 363–367.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wunderer u. a.: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mmp-online.de/heftarchiv/2009/02/das-reinigungssystem-der-atemwege-physiologie-pathophysiologie-und-wirkungen-von-ambroxol.html">Das Reinigungssystem der Atemwege</a>.</i> In: <i><a href="Medizinische_Monatsschrift_f%C3%BCr_Pharmazeuten" title="Medizinische Monatsschrift für Pharmazeuten">Medizinische Monatsschrift für Pharmazeuten</a>.</i> 32, 2009, S. 42–47.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Post, J. J. Batenburg, E. A. J. M. Schuurmans, V. Oldenborg, A. J. van der Molen: <cite style="font-style:italic">The perfused rat lung as a model for studies on the formation of surfactant and the effect of Ambroxol on this process</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Lung</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>161</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>1</span>, Dezember 1983, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>349–359</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02713884">10.1007/BF02713884</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Ambroxol&amp;rft.atitle=The+perfused+rat+lung+as+a+model+for+studies+on+the+formation+of+surfactant+and+the+effect+of+Ambroxol+on+this+process&amp;rft.au=M.+Post%2C+J.+J.+Batenburg%2C+E.+A.+J.+M.+Schuurmans%2C+...&amp;rft.date=1983-12&amp;rft.doi=10.1007%2FBF02713884&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.jtitle=Lung&amp;rft.pages=349-359&amp;rft.volume=161" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Y. Kapanci, G. Elemer: <i>Ambroxol and surfactant secretion. Experimental studies on the incorporation of 3H-palmitate into pulmonary surfactant.</i> Elsevier 1983, S. 263–272.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Marie-Claude Prevost, Georges Soula, Louis Douste-Blazy: <cite style="font-style:italic">Biochemical Modifications of Pulmonary Surfactant after Bromhexine Derivate Injection</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Respiration</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>37</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>4</span>, 1979, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>215–219</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1159/000194030">10.1159/000194030</a></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/194030">karger.com</a> [abgerufen am 27.&nbsp;Oktober 2019]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Ambroxol&amp;rft.atitle=Biochemical+Modifications+of+Pulmonary+Surfactant+after+Bromhexine+Derivate+Injection&amp;rft.au=Marie-Claude+Prevost%2C+Georges+Soula%2C+Louis+Douste-Blazy&amp;rft.date=1979&amp;rft.doi=10.1159%2F000194030&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.jtitle=Respiration&amp;rft.pages=215-219&amp;rft.volume=37" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. F. Heath, W. Jacobson: <cite style="font-style:italic">The inhibition of lysosomal phospholipase A from rabbit lung by ambroxol and its consequences for pulmonary surfactant</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Lung</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>163</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>1</span>, 1.&nbsp;Dezember 1985, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>337–344</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02713834">10.1007/BF02713834</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Ambroxol&amp;rft.atitle=The+inhibition+of+lysosomal+phospholipase+A+from+rabbit+lung+by+ambroxol+and+its+consequences+for+pulmonary+surfactant&amp;rft.au=M.+F.+Heath%2C+W.+Jacobson&amp;rft.date=1985-12-01&amp;rft.doi=10.1007%2FBF02713834&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.jtitle=Lung&amp;rft.pages=337-344&amp;rft.volume=163" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">R. Chianese, V. Maiorano, A. Bisceglie, N. Carnimeo: <i>Controlled clinical trial of a new preparation for the treatment of hypersecretive bronchial pneumopathies.</i> In: <i>Arch Med Interna.</i> 35 (2), 1983, S. 139–154.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">C. Grassi, M. Luisetti, V. de Rose, A. Fietta, F. Sacchi, M. Genghini u. a.: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iris.unipv.it/handle/11571/139295?mode=full.47">Biomedical and functional changes in bronchoalveolar parameters induced by ambroxol treatment of chronic bronchitis</a>.</i> Elsevier 1983: 361–370.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">C. H. Ericsson, J. Juhász, E. Jönsson, B. Mossberg: <cite style="font-style:italic">Ambroxol therapy in simple chronic bronchitis: effects on subjective symptoms and ventilatory function</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">European Journal of Respiratory Diseases</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>69</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>4</span>, Oktober 1986, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>248–255</span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3545883?dopt=Abstract">PMID 3545883</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Ambroxol&amp;rft.atitle=Ambroxol+therapy+in+simple+chronic+bronchitis%3A+effects+on+subjective+symptoms+and+ventilatory+function&amp;rft.au=C.+H.+Ericsson%2C+J.+Juh%C3%A1sz%2C+E.+J%C3%B6nsson%2C+...&amp;rft.date=1986-10&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Respiratory+Diseases&amp;rft.pages=248-255&amp;rft.pmid=3545883&amp;rft.volume=69" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Zenglin Liao, Jiajia Dong, Wei Wu, Ting Yang, Tao Wang: <cite style="font-style:italic">Resolvin D1 attenuates inflammation in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury through a process involving the PPARγ/NF-κB pathway</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Respiratory Research</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>13</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>1</span>, 2012, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>110</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186/1465-9921-13-110">10.1186/1465-9921-13-110</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23199346?dopt=Abstract">PMID 23199346</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3545883/">PMC&nbsp;3545883</a> (freier Volltext).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Ambroxol&amp;rft.atitle=Resolvin+D1+attenuates+inflammation+in+lipopolysaccharide-induced+acute+lung+injury+through+a+process+involving+the+PPAR%CE%B3%2FNF-%CE%BAB+pathway&amp;rft.au=Zenglin+Liao%2C+Jiajia+Dong%2C+Wei+Wu%2C+...&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft.doi=10.1186%2F1465-9921-13-110&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.jtitle=Respiratory+Research&amp;rft.pages=110&amp;rft.pmc=3545883&amp;rft.pmid=23199346&amp;rft.volume=13" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mario Malerba, Beatrice Ragnoli: <cite style="font-style:italic">Ambroxol in the 21st century: pharmacological and clinical update</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism &amp; Toxicology</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>4</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>8</span>, 1.&nbsp;August 2008, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>1119–1129</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1517/17425255.4.8.1119">10.1517/17425255.4.8.1119</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18680446?dopt=Abstract">PMID 18680446</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Ambroxol&amp;rft.atitle=Ambroxol+in+the+21st+century%3A+pharmacological+and+clinical+update&amp;rft.au=Mario+Malerba%2C+Beatrice+Ragnoli&amp;rft.date=2008-08-01&amp;rft.doi=10.1517%2F17425255.4.8.1119&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=8&amp;rft.jtitle=Expert+Opinion+on+Drug+Metabolism+%26+Toxicology&amp;rft.pages=1119-1129&amp;rft.pmid=18680446&amp;rft.volume=4" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Gillissen, A. Bartling, S. Schoen, G. Schultze-Werninghaus: <cite style="font-style:italic">Antioxidant Function of Ambroxol in Mononuclear and Polymorphonuclear Cells in Vitro</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Lung</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>175</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>4</span>, 1.&nbsp;Juli 1997, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>235–242</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00007570">10.1007/PL00007570</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Ambroxol&amp;rft.atitle=Antioxidant+Function+of+Ambroxol+in+Mononuclear+and+Polymorphonuclear+Cells+in+Vitro&amp;rft.au=A.+Gillissen%2C+A.+Bartling%2C+S.+Schoen%2C+...&amp;rft.date=1997-07-01&amp;rft.doi=10.1007%2FPL00007570&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.jtitle=Lung&amp;rft.pages=235-242&amp;rft.volume=175" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Gillissen, D. Nowak: <cite style="font-style:italic">Characterization of N-acetylcysteine and ambroxol in anti-oxidant therapy</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Respiratory Medicine</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>92</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>4</span>, 1.&nbsp;April 1998, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>609–623</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0954-6111%2898%2990506-6">10.1016/S0954-6111(98)90506-6</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Ambroxol&amp;rft.atitle=Characterization+of+N-acetylcysteine+and+ambroxol+in+anti-oxidant+therapy&amp;rft.au=A.+Gillissen%2C+D.+Nowak&amp;rft.date=1998-04-01&amp;rft.doi=10.1016%2FS0954-6111%2898%2990506-6&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.jtitle=Respiratory+Medicine&amp;rft.pages=609-623&amp;rft.volume=92" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Adrian Gillissen, Birgit Schärling, Małgorzata Jaworska, Almut Bartling, Kurt Rasche: <cite style="font-style:italic">Oxidant scavenger function of ambroxol in vitro: a comparison withN-acetylcysteine</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Research in Experimental Medicine</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>196</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>1</span>, 1.&nbsp;Dezember 1996, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>389–398</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02576864">10.1007/BF02576864</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Ambroxol&amp;rft.atitle=Oxidant+scavenger+function+of+ambroxol+in+vitro%3A+a+comparison+withN-acetylcysteine&amp;rft.au=Adrian+Gillissen%2C+Birgit+Sch%C3%A4rling%2C+Ma%C5%82gorzata+Jaworska%2C+...&amp;rft.date=1996-12-01&amp;rft.doi=10.1007%2FBF02576864&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.jtitle=Research+in+Experimental+Medicine&amp;rft.pages=389-398&amp;rft.volume=196" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:0-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_22-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_22-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">K. M. Beeh, J. Beier, A. Esperester, L. D. Paul: <cite style="font-style:italic">Antiinflammatory properties of ambroxol</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">European Journal of Medical Research</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>13</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>12</span>, 3.&nbsp;Dezember 2008, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>557–562</span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19073395?dopt=Abstract">PMID 19073395</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Ambroxol&amp;rft.atitle=Antiinflammatory+properties+of+ambroxol&amp;rft.au=K.+M.+Beeh%2C+J.+Beier%2C+A.+Esperester%2C+...&amp;rft.date=2008-12-03&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=12&amp;rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Medical+Research&amp;rft.pages=557-562&amp;rft.pmid=19073395&amp;rft.volume=13" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">C. Grassi, M. Luisetti, V. de Rose, A. Fietta, F. Sacchi, M. Genghini u. a.: <i>Biomedical and functional changes in bronchoalveolar parameters induced by ambroxol treatment of chronic bronchitis.</i> Elsevier 1983, S. 361–370.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">K. Nobata, M. Fujimura, Y. Ishiura, S. Myou, S. Nakao: <cite style="font-style:italic">Ambroxol for the prevention of acute upper respiratory disease</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Clinical and Experimental Medicine</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>6</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>2</span>, 1.&nbsp;Juni 2006, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>79–83</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-006-0099-2">10.1007/s10238-006-0099-2</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Ambroxol&amp;rft.atitle=Ambroxol+for+the+prevention+of+acute+upper+respiratory+disease&amp;rft.au=K.+Nobata%2C+M.+Fujimura%2C+Y.+Ishiura%2C+...&amp;rft.date=2006-06-01&amp;rft.doi=10.1007%2Fs10238-006-0099-2&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Experimental+Medicine&amp;rft.pages=79-83&amp;rft.volume=6" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">U. H. Cegla: <i>Langzeittherapie über 2 Jahre mit Ambroxol (Mucosolvan®) Retardkapseln bei Patienten mit chronischer Bronchitis. Ergebnisse einer Doppelblindstudie an 180 Patienten.</i> In: <i>Prax Klin Pneumol.</i> 42, 1988, S. 715–721.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">U. H. Cegla: <i>Mucolytics – Are they useful in chronic mucus hypersecretion? Prophylaxis/treatment of airway mucus of COPD.</i> In: <i>Eur Respir Rev.</i> 2 (9), 1992, S. 289–291.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Giorgio Fois, Nina Hobi, Edward Felder, Andreas Ziegler, Pika Miklavc: <cite style="font-style:italic">A new role for an old drug: Ambroxol triggers lysosomal exocytosis via pH-dependent Ca2+ release from acidic Ca2+ stores</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Cell Calcium</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>58</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>6</span>, Dezember 2015, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>628–637</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceca.2015.10.002">10.1016/j.ceca.2015.10.002</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Ambroxol&amp;rft.atitle=A+new+role+for+an+old+drug%3A+Ambroxol+triggers+lysosomal+exocytosis+via+pH-dependent+Ca2%2B+release+from+acidic+Ca2%2B+stores&amp;rft.au=Giorgio+Fois%2C+Nina+Hobi%2C+Edward+Felder%2C+...&amp;rft.date=2015-12&amp;rft.doi=10.1016%2Fj.ceca.2015.10.002&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=6&amp;rft.jtitle=Cell+Calcium&amp;rft.pages=628-637&amp;rft.volume=58" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alisdair McNeill, Joana Magalhaes, Chengguo Shen, Kai-Yin Chau, Derralyn Hughes, Atul Mehta, Tom Foltynie, J. Mark Cooper, Andrey Y. Abramov, Matthew Gegg, Anthony H. V. Schapira: <cite style="font-style:italic">Ambroxol improves lysosomal biochemistry in glucocerebrosidase mutation-linked Parkinson disease cells</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="Brain_(Fachzeitschrift)" title="Brain (Fachzeitschrift)">Brain</a></cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>137</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>5</span>, Mai 2014, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>1481–1495</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/brain%2Fawu020">10.1093/brain/awu020</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Ambroxol&amp;rft.atitle=Ambroxol+improves+lysosomal+biochemistry+in+glucocerebrosidase+mutation-linked+Parkinson+disease+cells&amp;rft.au=Alisdair+McNeill%2C+Joana+Magalhaes%2C+Chengguo+Shen%2C+...&amp;rft.date=2014-05&amp;rft.doi=10.1093%2Fbrain%2Fawu020&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=5&amp;rft.jtitle=Brain&amp;rft.pages=1481-1495&amp;rft.volume=137" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jennifer Reckzeh: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-fau/files/1429/JenniferReckzehDissertation.pdf">Die Wirkung des Sekretolytikums Ambroxol an neuronalen Natriumkanälen durch die Interaktion mit der Lokalanästhetikumbindungsstelle.</a></i> <a href="Dissertationsschrift" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissertationsschrift">Dissertationsschrift</a>. Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg 2010.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Weiser, Nicola Wilson: <cite style="font-style:italic">Inhibition of Tetrodotoxin (TTX)-Resistant and TTX-Sensitive Neuronal Na+ Channels by the Secretolytic Ambroxol</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Molecular Pharmacology</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>62</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>3</span>, 1.&nbsp;September 2002, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>433–438</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.62.3.433">10.1124/mol.62.3.433</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12181417?dopt=Abstract">PMID 12181417</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/62/3/433">aspetjournals.org</a> [abgerufen am 27.&nbsp;Oktober 2019]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Ambroxol&amp;rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+Tetrodotoxin+%28TTX%29-Resistant+and+TTX-Sensitive+Neuronal+Na%2B+Channels+by+the+Secretolytic+Ambroxol&amp;rft.au=Thomas+Weiser%2C+Nicola+Wilson&amp;rft.date=2002-09-01&amp;rft.doi=10.1124%2Fmol.62.3.433&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.jtitle=Molecular+Pharmacology&amp;rft.pages=433-438&amp;rft.pmid=12181417&amp;rft.volume=62" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Weiser: <i>Comparison of the effects of four Na+ channel analgesics on TTX-resistant Na+ currents in rat sensory neurons and recombinant Nav1.2 channels.</i> In: <i>Neurosci Lett.</i> 395(3), 13. Mar 2006, S. 179–184. Epub 2005 Nov 15.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gaida u. a.: <i>Ambroxol, a Nav1.8-preferring Na(+) channel blocker, effectively suppresses pain symptoms in animal models of chronic, neuropathic and inflammatory pain.</i> In: <i><a href="Neuropharmacology" title="Neuropharmacology">Neuropharmacology</a>.</i> 49(8), Dez 2005, S. 1220–1227. Epub 2005 Sep 21.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Andreas Leffler, Jennifer Reckzeh, <a href="Carla_Nau" title="Carla Nau">Carla Nau</a>: <cite style="font-style:italic">Block of sensory neuronal Na+ channels by the secreolytic ambroxol is associated with an interaction with local anesthetic binding sites</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">European Journal of Pharmacology</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>630</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>1</span>, 25.&nbsp;März 2010, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>19–28</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.12.027">10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.12.027</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Ambroxol&amp;rft.atitle=Block+of+sensory+neuronal+Na%2B+channels+by+the+secreolytic+ambroxol+is+associated+with+an+interaction+with+local+anesthetic+binding+sites&amp;rft.au=Andreas+Leffler%2C+Jennifer+Reckzeh%2C+Carla+Nau&amp;rft.date=2010-03-25&amp;rft.doi=10.1016%2Fj.ejphar.2009.12.027&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Pharmacology&amp;rft.pages=19-28&amp;rft.volume=630" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wunderer u. a.: <i>Lokalanästhetika zur Schmerztherapie bei Pharyngitis.</i> 27, 10, 2004, S. 342–347.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:1-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_35-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_35-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Jürgen Fischer, Uwe Pschorn, Jean-Michel Vix, Hubertus Peil, Bernhard Aicher: <cite style="font-style:italic">Efficacy and Tolerability of Ambroxol Hydrochloride Lozenges in Sore Throat</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Arzneimittelforschung</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>52</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>4</span>, April 2002, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>256–263</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1299889">10.1055/s-0031-1299889</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Ambroxol&amp;rft.atitle=Efficacy+and+Tolerability+of+Ambroxol+Hydrochloride+Lozenges+in+Sore+Throat&amp;rft.au=J%C3%BCrgen+Fischer%2C+Uwe+Pschorn%2C+Jean-Michel+Vix%2C+...&amp;rft.date=2002-04&amp;rft.doi=10.1055%2Fs-0031-1299889&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.jtitle=Arzneimittelforschung&amp;rft.pages=256-263&amp;rft.volume=52" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:2-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_36-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:2_36-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Alexander Schutz, Hans-Jürgen Gund, Uwe Pschorn, Bernhard Aicher, Hubertus Peil: <cite style="font-style:italic">Local Anaesthetic Properties of Ambroxol Hydrochloride Lozenges in View of Sore Throat</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Arzneimittelforschung</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>52</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>3</span>, März 2002, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>194–199</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1299879">10.1055/s-0031-1299879</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Ambroxol&amp;rft.atitle=Local+Anaesthetic+Properties+of+Ambroxol+Hydrochloride+Lozenges+in+View+of+Sore+Throat&amp;rft.au=Alexander+Schutz%2C+Hans-J%C3%BCrgen+Gund%2C+Uwe+Pschorn%2C+...&amp;rft.date=2002-03&amp;rft.doi=10.1055%2Fs-0031-1299879&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.jtitle=Arzneimittelforschung&amp;rft.pages=194-199&amp;rft.volume=52" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Mey200858(11)-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mey200858(11)_37-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mey200858(11)_37-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mey200858(11)_37-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">C. de Mey u. a.: <i>Efficacy and Safety of Ambroxol Lozenges in the treatment of Acute Uncomolicated Sore Throat.</i> In: <i>DrugRes.</i> 58(11), 2008, S. 557–568.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">egms.de: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.egms.de/static/en/meetings/fom2011/11fom204.shtml">Ambroxol bei Halsschmerzen: <i>Eine Metaanalyse.</i></a> In: <i>Forum Medizin.</i> 21, 45. Kongress für Allgemeinmedizin und Familienmedizin.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-Liebigs_Ann_707-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Liebigs_Ann_707_39-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie 707, 107 (1967); J.Keck; Synthese der Metaboliten von Bisolvon; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/jlac.19677070117" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1002/jlac.19677070117">doi:10.1002/jlac.19677070117</a>; Chem. Abstr. 1967:508342.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Römpp-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Römpp_40-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Eintrag zu <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://roempp.thieme.de/lexicon/RD-16-00674"><i>Peganin</i></a>. In: <i><a href="R%C3%B6mpp_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Römpp Online">Römpp Online</a>.</i> Georg Thieme Verlag, abgerufen am 24.&nbsp;März 2016.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-DE1593579-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-DE1593579_41-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
DE 1 593 579 (1966): Johannes Keck, Friedrich-Wilhelm Koss, Eckhard Schraven, Gerwin Beisenherz (Thomae): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/originalDocument?CC=DE&amp;NR=1593579B1&amp;KC=B1&amp;FT=D&amp;ND=3&amp;date=19720203&amp;DB=EPODOC&amp;locale=en_EP">Hydroxy-cyclohexylamine, deren physiologisch verträglichen Säureadditionssalze und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung.</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-EP130224-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-EP130224_42-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
EP 130 224 (1983): Liebenow W., Grafe I. (Ludwig Heuman &amp; Co GmbH): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/originalDocument?CC=EP&amp;NR=0130224A1&amp;KC=A1&amp;FT=D&amp;ND=3&amp;date=19850109&amp;DB=EPODOC&amp;locale=en_EP">Verfahren zur Herstellung von 2-Amino-3,5-dibrombenzylaminen.</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-GB2239241-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-GB2239241_43-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
GB 2 239 241 (1989): Rátz I., Benkó P., Bózsing D., Tungler A. (EGIS Gyorgyszergyar): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/originalDocument?CC=GB&amp;NR=2239241A&amp;KC=A&amp;FT=D&amp;ND=3&amp;date=19910626&amp;DB=EPODOC&amp;locale=en_EP">Verfahren zur Herstellung von 2-Amino-3,5-dibrombenzylaminen</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-fern_o-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-fern_o_44-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
Zhongguo Yiyao Gongye Zazhi 27, 435 (1996); Yu,Shuhai, Tian,Shixiong, He,Wen, Yang,Jian.; Synthesis of ambroxol hydrochloride; Chem. Abstr. 1997: 216 620.</span>
</li>
</ol></div>
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